Monday, 19 August 2019

Socialism in Europe and the Russian Revolution

Q1 What were the causes of the civil war between the Bolsheviks and the Russian army of the Non- Bolsheviks socialists?
Ans (I) When Bolsheviks ordered land re- distribution, the Russian army began to break up.
(ii) Soldiers, mostly peasants,wished to go home for the redistribution and deserted.
(iii) Non- Bolshevik socialists, liberals and supporters of autocracy condemned the Bolshevik uprising.
(iv) Their leaders moved to South Russia and organized troops to fight the Bolsheviks.
(v) These troops and Bolsheviks fought a civil war, and looting, banditry and famine became common.

Q2 Who was Karl Marx? What was his theory of socialism?
Ans2 Karl Marx was a communist, who introduced the concept of socialism.
Karl Marx's theory
(I) He felt that the industrial society belonged to the capitalists.
(ii) Capitalists owned the capital invested in industries, but the profit was produced by workers.
(iii) He believed that the condition of workers would never improve, as long as profit is taken by the capitalists.
(iv) Marx believed that to free themselves from capitalists' exploitation, workers had to form a socialist society where all property was socially controlled.
This would be a communist society.


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