Q3 What were the main causes of the Russian Revolution?
Ans (I) Autocratic rule of Tsars The Russian emperor Tsar Nicholas II in 1914 fought many wars and had borne the expenditure of war by taxing the common people of Russia.
(ii) Conditions of peasants Majority of the Russians were agriculturists. Major part of the land was owned by nobles and clergy and these peasants worked as farmers on daily wages. They were either paid less or nothing.
(iii) Status of Industries Craftsmen undertook much of the production but large factories existed alongside crafts workshops. Foreign investment in industries increased with the extension of Russia's railway network.
(iv) Conditions of workers in the Industries Most industries were owned by private industrialists. The condition of the workers in the Industries was not good. Women workers were also paid less than men Some workers formed groups to help members in times of unemployment and financial hardships.
(v) Formation of socialist parties The Russian Social Democratic Workers Party was founded in 1898 by socialists who respected Marxist ideas. But since as per government it was illegal it had to Operate secretly.
Q4 Why the period after the success of French Revolution can be called as the age of social change?
Ans. (I) The French Revolution opened up the possibility of creating a dramatic change in the way in which society was structured.
(ii) Before the 18th century, society was broadly divided into estates and orders and it was the aristocracy and church which controlled economic and social power.
(iii) Suddenly after the revolution it seemed possible to change this. In many parts of the world including Europe and Asia, new ideas about individual rights and who controlled social power began to be a point of discussion.
(iv) In India Raja Rammohan Roy and Derozio talked of the significance of the French Revolution and many others debated the ideas of post- revolutionary Europe.
(v) The developments in the colonies in turn reshaped these ideas of societal change.
Ans (I) Autocratic rule of Tsars The Russian emperor Tsar Nicholas II in 1914 fought many wars and had borne the expenditure of war by taxing the common people of Russia.
(ii) Conditions of peasants Majority of the Russians were agriculturists. Major part of the land was owned by nobles and clergy and these peasants worked as farmers on daily wages. They were either paid less or nothing.
(iii) Status of Industries Craftsmen undertook much of the production but large factories existed alongside crafts workshops. Foreign investment in industries increased with the extension of Russia's railway network.
(iv) Conditions of workers in the Industries Most industries were owned by private industrialists. The condition of the workers in the Industries was not good. Women workers were also paid less than men Some workers formed groups to help members in times of unemployment and financial hardships.
(v) Formation of socialist parties The Russian Social Democratic Workers Party was founded in 1898 by socialists who respected Marxist ideas. But since as per government it was illegal it had to Operate secretly.
Q4 Why the period after the success of French Revolution can be called as the age of social change?
Ans. (I) The French Revolution opened up the possibility of creating a dramatic change in the way in which society was structured.
(ii) Before the 18th century, society was broadly divided into estates and orders and it was the aristocracy and church which controlled economic and social power.
(iii) Suddenly after the revolution it seemed possible to change this. In many parts of the world including Europe and Asia, new ideas about individual rights and who controlled social power began to be a point of discussion.
(iv) In India Raja Rammohan Roy and Derozio talked of the significance of the French Revolution and many others debated the ideas of post- revolutionary Europe.
(v) The developments in the colonies in turn reshaped these ideas of societal change.
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