Class 10 Globalization and Indian Economy

3 marks questions

1. Why had the Indian government put barriers to foreign trade and foreign investments after Independence? Analyse the reasons.
Ans. Indian government has put barriers to foreign trade and foreign investments after Independence because-
(I)  It wanted to protect the producers within the country from foreign competition.
(ii) As the industries were just coming up in 1950s and 1960s the competition from inputs at that stage would not have allowed these industries to come up.
(iii) Indian allowed imports of only essential items such as machinery fertilizers, petroleum,etc.

Class 10 Globalization and Indian Economy

Class 10 Globalization and Indian Economy

Class 9 Socialism in Europe and the Russian Revolution

Class 9 Socialism in Europe and the Russian Revolution

Class 9 Socialism in Europe and the Russian Revolution

Q5 What was the global influence of Russian Revolution?
Ans. ( I) In many countries communist parties were formed like the Communist Party of Great Britain.
(ii) The Bolsheviks encouraged colonial people to follow their experiment of taking power.
(iii) Many non-Russians from outside the  USSR participated in the conference of the people of East and the Bolshevik- founded comintern ( an international union of pro- Bolshevik socialist parties)
( iv) Some received education in USSR's Communist University of the Workers of the East.
( v) By the time of the outbreak of the World War II the USSR had given socialism a global face and world stature.

Q6 In what ways was the working population in Russia different from other countries in Europe before 1917?
Ans. (I) Compared to the condition of the people of Europe, Russian people, especially the working class like the farmers and the factory workers was very deplorable.
(ii) The main reason for it was the Autocratic government of the Tsar Nicholas II who exploited these people day by day by his corrupt and oppressive policies.
(iii) Much of the produce of the peasant workers went into the hands of the landowners and the privileged classes. Large properties were owned by the nobility, the crown and the Orthodox Church.
( iv) In European countries, the peasants respected nobles and fought for them whereas in Russia, the peasants wanted the land of the nobles to be given to them.
(v) They often refused to pay rent and even murdered the landlords. This was because of the various oppressive policies and their built up frustration.
( vi) The factory workers faced equally miserable situation. They could not form any trade unions and political parties to express their grievances.
( vii) The private industrialists exploited the workers and many times did not give them minimum fixed wages also. There was also no limit set for the working hours.

Class 9 Socialism in Europe and the Russian Revolution

Q3 What were the main causes of the Russian Revolution?
Ans (I) Autocratic rule of Tsars The Russian emperor Tsar Nicholas II in 1914 fought many wars and had borne the expenditure of war by taxing the common people of Russia.
(ii) Conditions of peasants  Majority of the Russians were agriculturists. Major part of the land was owned by nobles and clergy and these peasants worked as farmers on daily wages. They were either paid less or nothing.
(iii) Status of Industries  Craftsmen undertook much of the production but large factories existed alongside crafts workshops. Foreign investment in industries increased with the extension of Russia's railway network.
(iv) Conditions of workers in the Industries  Most industries were owned by private industrialists. The condition of the workers in the Industries was not good. Women workers were also paid less than men Some workers formed groups to help members in times of unemployment and financial hardships.
(v) Formation of socialist parties  The Russian Social Democratic Workers Party was founded in 1898 by socialists who respected Marxist ideas. But since as per government it was illegal it had to Operate secretly.

Q4 Why the period after the success of French Revolution can be called as the age of social change?
Ans. (I) The French Revolution opened up the possibility of creating a dramatic change in the way in which society was structured.
(ii) Before the 18th century, society was broadly divided into estates and orders and it was the aristocracy and church which controlled economic and social power.
(iii) Suddenly after the revolution it seemed possible to change this. In many parts of the world including Europe and Asia, new ideas about individual rights and who controlled social power began to be a point of discussion.
(iv) In India Raja Rammohan Roy and Derozio talked of the significance of the French Revolution and many others debated the ideas of post- revolutionary Europe.
(v) The developments in the colonies in turn reshaped these ideas of societal change.

Socialism in Europe and the Russian Revolution

Q1 What were the causes of the civil war between the Bolsheviks and the Russian army of the Non- Bolsheviks socialists?
Ans (I) When Bolsheviks ordered land re- distribution, the Russian army began to break up.
(ii) Soldiers, mostly peasants,wished to go home for the redistribution and deserted.
(iii) Non- Bolshevik socialists, liberals and supporters of autocracy condemned the Bolshevik uprising.
(iv) Their leaders moved to South Russia and organized troops to fight the Bolsheviks.
(v) These troops and Bolsheviks fought a civil war, and looting, banditry and famine became common.

Q2 Who was Karl Marx? What was his theory of socialism?
Ans2 Karl Marx was a communist, who introduced the concept of socialism.
Karl Marx's theory
(I) He felt that the industrial society belonged to the capitalists.
(ii) Capitalists owned the capital invested in industries, but the profit was produced by workers.
(iii) He believed that the condition of workers would never improve, as long as profit is taken by the capitalists.
(iv) Marx believed that to free themselves from capitalists' exploitation, workers had to form a socialist society where all property was socially controlled.
This would be a communist society.