Cl 9 Natural vegetation and Wildlife

1. How many Plant and animal species are approximately found in India?
Ans. Around 47,000 plant species and 89,000 of animal species.

2. What is virgin vegetation?
Ans. The natural vegetation which has been left undisturbed by the humans for a long time is called virgin vegetation.

3. Why are the Western slopes of the Western ghats covered with thick forests and not the Eastern slopes?
Ans. On the Western rainy slopes of the Western ghats, forests really appear as wet evergreen forests and thick as compared to Eastern ghats because Eastern ghats remain in rain shadow.

4. What are biomes?
Ans. A very large ecosystem on land having distinct types of vegetation and animal life is called a biome.

Forest Society and Colonialism

1. Name the river which flows across Bastar from east to west.
Ans. River Indravati.

2. Name the communities living in Bastar.
Ans. Maria and Muria gonds, Dhruvas,  Bhatsas and Halbas.

3. Where is Bastar located?
Ans. Southernmost part of chhattisgarh.

4. Where is Java located?
Ans. Java is a rice producing island in Indonesia.

5. What was a Scorched Earth policy?
Ans. Destroying of saw Mills and burning huge piles of giant teak logs.

Forest Society and Colonialism

1. Name some commercial crops grown by British after deforestation.
Ans. Jute, sugar, wheat and cotton.

2. Name the species of trees which were promoted for the building of ships or railways.
Ans. Teak and Sal

3. From which fruit was oil extracted for cooking and lighting lamps?
Ans. Fruit of mahua tree.

4. What was the use of a dried scooped out gourd?
Ans. It was used as portable water bottle.

5. Which tribes of India were recruited to work on tea plantations?
Ans. Santhals and Oraons from Jharkhand and gonds from chhattisgarh.

6.What were criminal tribes forced to do by the British?
Ans. They were forced to work instead in factories, mines and plantations under British supervision.

Forest Society and Colonialism (History)

1. Dietrich Brandis was the----------  first Inspector general of forests in India.
2. A forest in which people were allowed to stay on condition of free service was known as---------- forest village.
3. The oil and chocolate comes from ---------sal seeds.
4. The disappearance of forest is referred to as ------------deforestation.
5. The forest act of 1878 has divided the forest into ----------------3 categories.

Cl 9 Economics Poverty as a Challenge

1. What is poverty?
Ans. Poverty is a situation in which a person is unable to get the minimum basic necessities of life, i.e. food, clothing and shelter for his or her sustenance.

2. Mention any one common indicator of poverty.
Ans. Social exclusion is a common indicator of poverty today.

3. Mention any one historical reason for poverty.
Ans. Low level of income under the British colonial rule.

4. Which social groups are vulnerable to poverty?
Ans. The two social groups, most vulnerable to poverty are scheduled castes and scheduled tribes households.